What is Open Bite?
An open bite is an orthodontic condition that occurs when there is a gap between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed. This condition can be caused by a number of factors, such as sucking habits in childhood, prolonged use of pacifiers or bottles, mouth breathing, genetics, among others. An open bite can affect both the aesthetics of the smile and the functionality of the bite, and can cause problems with chewing, speaking, and even breathing.
Causes of Open Bite
An open bite can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the main causes of this condition include:
1. Sucking habits in childhood: Thumb sucking, pacifier use, or bottle feeding for a long period of time can lead to the development of an open bite. These habits can change the positioning of the teeth and the shape of the palate, resulting in an open bite.
2. Mouth breathing: Chronic mouth breathing, caused by upper airway problems such as enlarged tonsils or a deviated septum, can lead to the development of an open bite. Improper breathing affects the positioning of the tongue and lips, influencing the position of the teeth.
3. Genetics: Open bite can also be genetically predisposed. If one parent has this condition, their children are more likely to develop an open bite as well.
4. Chewing habits: Chewing food improperly, such as biting on only one side of the mouth or chewing with the front teeth, can contribute to the development of an open bite.
5. Trauma or injury: Trauma to the jaw or maxilla region can cause misalignment of the teeth and result in an open bite.
Types of Open Bite
Open bite can be classified into two main types: anterior and posterior.
1. Anterior Open Bite: In this type of open bite, there is a gap between the upper and lower front teeth (incisors) when the mouth is closed. This can affect the aesthetics of the smile, leaving the front teeth separated and the appearance of the smile compromised.
2. Posterior Open Bite: In a posterior open bite, the space between the teeth occurs in the region of the back teeth (molars and premolars). This can make it difficult to chew food properly, cause speech problems, and even affect breathing.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Open Bite
The diagnosis of an open bite is performed by an orthodontist, through clinical and radiographic examinations. The professional will evaluate the position of the teeth, the relationship between the dental arches, the occlusion and other aspects related to the bite.
Treatment for an open bite depends on its cause and severity. In mild cases, fixed or removable orthodontic appliances may be recommended to correct the position of the teeth and close the gap between the open bite and the bite. In more complex cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to reposition the jaw or maxilla.
Open Bite Prevention
Some measures can be taken to prevent the development of an open bite, such as:
1. Encourage breastfeeding: Breastfeeding is important for the proper development of the orofacial muscles and the correct formation of the palate, preventing the development of an open bite.
2. Limit prolonged use of pacifiers and bottles: Prolonged use of pacifiers and bottles can alter the position of the teeth and the shape of the palate, contributing to the development of an open bite. It is recommended to limit the use of these objects from the age of 2.
3. Treat respiratory problems: Respiratory problems, such as enlarged tonsils or a deviated septum, should be treated early to prevent the development of an open bite.
4. Encourage proper chewing: Encouraging proper chewing of food using the back teeth can help prevent an open bite.
Conclusion
An open bite is an orthodontic condition that can affect both the aesthetics and functionality of the bite. It is important to seek proper diagnosis and treatment from an orthodontist to correct this condition and avoid future complications. In addition, preventative measures can be taken to prevent the development of an open bite. Consult a specialized professional for more information and guidance on the subject.
