What is Dermis?
The dermis is the middle layer of the skin, located between the epidermis (outer layer) and the hypodermis (deeper layer). Also known as corium, the dermis is made up of dense connective tissue, rich in collagen and elastic fibers, in addition to containing blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles and immune cells.
Structure of the Dermis
The dermis is divided into two main layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is the most superficial layer, located just below the epidermis. It is composed of loose connective tissue, which forms finger-shaped projections called dermal papillae. These papillae are responsible for the formation of fingerprints and provide nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis.
The reticular dermis is the deepest layer of the dermis, made up of dense connective tissue. It is responsible for the resistance and elasticity of the skin, providing structural support. This layer contains collagen and elastic fibers, which give the skin its ability to stretch and return to normal. In addition, the reticular dermis houses blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles.
Functions of the Dermis
The dermis performs several essential functions for the proper functioning of the skin and the body as a whole. Some of the main functions of the dermis include:
1. Structural Support
The dermis provides structural support for the skin, keeping it firm and elastic. The collagen and elastic fibers present in the dermis provide resistance and flexibility to the skin, allowing it to stretch and return to normal without suffering damage.
2. Body Temperature Regulation
The dermis contains blood vessels that help regulate body temperature. When the body is hot, blood vessels dilate, allowing heat to be released into the environment. On the other hand, when the body is cold, blood vessels constrict, reducing heat loss.
3. Injury Protection
The dermis acts as a protective barrier against external injuries. It is more resistant than the epidermis and helps prevent harmful substances, such as bacteria and toxins, from entering the skin and the body.
4. Nutrition of the Epidermis
The papillary dermis is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis. The dermal papillae present in this layer are responsible for this function, ensuring that the cells of the epidermis receive the nutrients necessary for their health and regeneration.
5. Production of Collagen and Elastin
The dermis is responsible for the production of collagen and elastin, two proteins essential for the health and appearance of the skin. Collagen gives the skin strength and firmness, while elastin gives it elasticity and flexibility.
6. Secretion of Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
The dermis houses the sebaceous glands, responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps lubricate the skin and hair. In addition, the dermis also contains sweat glands, responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.
7. Tactile Sensitivity
The dermis contains nerve endings responsible for the skin's tactile sensitivity. These nerve endings allow us to perceive sensations such as touch, pressure, pain and temperature.
Conclusion
The dermis is an essential layer of the skin, responsible for providing structural support, regulating body temperature, protecting against injury, nourishing the epidermis, producing collagen and elastin, secreting substances such as sebum and sweat, and providing tactile sensitivity. Understanding the structure and functions of the dermis is essential to maintaining the health and beauty of the skin.
